CSRD合规的首要障碍在于将ESRS 1要求的双重重要性评估转化为“可供董事会批准的判断依据”。欧盟委员会(EU)解释称,首批企业必须从2024财年开始适用新规则,并在2025年进行报告。欧盟以外的企业可能从2028财年起受这些规则约束,因此有必要尽早制定信息披露框架。
双重重要性评估是一种从两个维度评估可持续发展事项的机制:影响重要性(IMA)和财务重要性(FMA)。IMA审查商业活动对人类、环境和社会产生的实际或潜在影响;FMA审查这些事项对企业价值、现金流、资本成本和融资产生的风险与机遇。由于一个事项只要在任一维度上具有重要性,就可能属于ESRS信息披露的范畴,因此传统上关注“对投资者是否有财务影响”的视角是不够的。许多公司已经为符合ISSB/TCFD标准建立了财务重要性评估,但仅将其应用于CSRD评估往往会忽略人权、生物多样性和水资源风险等外部影响。
IMA与FMA的确定维度 01
IMA 根据影响的规模、范围、不可逆转性和可能性,评估人权、气候、生物多样性和职业安全。它与基于影响的GRI 3评估具有高度兼容性。
02
FMA 评估影响公司未来现金流的风险与机遇,如监管成本、需求变化、资产减值、供应链中断和融资条件。
03
IRO 以统一台账管理影响(Impacts)、风险(Risks)和机遇(Opportunities),并将其作为ESRS 2 IRO-1/2的信息披露基础。
在实际操作流程方面,EFRAG于2024年5月31日定稿的《重要性评估实施指南》(IG1)是最为实用的指南。尽管IG1是非强制性指南,但作为支持符合ESRS标准报告的实用流程,它概述了一个工作流:步骤A确定业务、价值链和利益相关者;步骤B识别实际和潜在的IRO;步骤C评估重要性;步骤D确定披露目标。与其从一开始就创建完美的评分模型,不如通过为每个工厂、采购部门、销售区域和主要客户创建IRO台账,并将其与支持性文件相关联,从而更易于通过审计。
此外,也有必要阐明与GRI 3的区别。GRI 3是一种单一重要性标准,旨在确定组织对经济、环境和人类的最重大影响,并分四个步骤确定实质性议题。ESRS可以使用GRI的影响评估作为起点,但在此基础上增加了FMA。因此,对于已经符合GRI标准的公司来说,与其丢弃现有的实质性议题列表,不如通过在每个议题中增加财务风险和机遇列,将其扩展为双重重要性台账,这种做法更为实际。
时间表从2025年起进行了调整。欧盟委员会在2025年4月14日的“停止时钟”(Stop the Clock)指令中,推迟了原定于2025或2026财年开始报告的第二批和第三批企业的适用时间。此外,2025年12月9日达成的《综合法案I》(Omnibus I)政治协议旨在简化包括CSRD在内的信息披露负担。另一方面,首批企业2024财年的报告义务仍然有效,不能认为日本等欧盟以外企业的2028财年合规准备工作可以排除在外。进行比较时,必须基于ISSB/SSBJ侧重于财务重要性,而CSRD侧重于双重重要性的前提。
企业规划和可持续发展管理人员首先应确定:1)公司、欧盟子公司和分支机构的适用范围;2)负责IRO台账的部门;3)IMA/FMA评估标准;4)董事会会议的批准记录;5)从业务合作伙伴处收集的范围3(Scope 3)、人权和职业安全数据;以及6)到2028财年实现鉴证合规的路线图。每个IRO应包括发起部门、受影响的利益相关者、时间范围、现有控制措施、支持性证据文件以及下一次审查日期。重要的是,将双重重要性评估设计为一个持续的过程,而非一次性的调查,并将其与企业风险管理、采购审查和内部控制联系起来。
EFRAG published the final versions of ESRS implementation guidance documents IG1-3 on May 31, 2024.
On May 31, 2024, EFRAG officially issued three final implementation guidance documents: Materiality Assessment (IG1), Value Chain (IG2), and Detailed ESRS Data Points (IG3). A technical correction addendum was added to IG3 in December 2024. These are non-authoritative documents designed to support companies in their ESRS compliance reporting.
ESRS was adopted as EU Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2772 on July 31, 2023
The European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) were adopted as a delegated act on July 31, 2023, and implemented as Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2772. These standards are sector-agnostic, with EFRAG supporting their development. All implementation guidance provided by EFRAG corresponds to this 2023-adopted version of the ESRS.
EFRAG published three draft ESRS implementation guidance documents for public consultation on December 22, 2023.
On December 22, 2023, EFRAG's Sustainability Reporting Board (SRB) issued three drafts covering the most challenging areas of ESRS implementation—materiality assessment, value chain, and detailed data points—for public consultation. Feedback was accepted via Alchemer survey and letter, with the response period closing in February 2024.
Draft Simplified ESRS published in December 2025; EFRAG will not issue implementation guidance before formal adoption
The European Commission published the Draft Simplified ESRS in December 2025. However, EFRAG has clarified that it will not issue any new or updated implementation guidance for the Simplified ESRS before its formal adoption by the European Commission. Therefore, IG1–3 based on the 2023 adopted ESRS remain the only official guidance at this time.
First-wave CSRD companies must apply new reporting rules starting in FY2024 and publish reports in 2025.
The EU Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) mandates that large and listed companies regularly disclose their social and environmental risks and the impact of their business activities. First-wave companies must publish their first reports covering FY2024 in 2025. Reports must comply with the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) developed by EFRAG.
On April 14, 2025, the EU Parliament and Council agreed on the 'Stop-the-Clock' directive, delaying the start of reporting obligations for second- and third-wave companies.
The 'Stop-the-Clock' directive extends the application deadline for reporting requirements for second- and third-wave companies that were initially scheduled to begin reporting in the 2025 or 2026 financial years. A political agreement between the European Parliament and the Council was reached on April 14, 2025. This provides a grace period for mid-sized enterprises and non-EU listed companies.
On December 9, 2025, the EU Parliament and Council reached a political agreement on the "Omnibus I" package, simplifying EU regulations including CSRD.
The "Omnibus I" simplification package is a legislative measure aimed at streamlining multiple EU regulations, including CSRD. The European Parliament and Council reached a political agreement on December 9, 2025. Submitted on February 26, 2025, the package aims to reduce regulatory burdens and enhance EU competitiveness.
CSRD entered into force on January 5, 2023, with EU member states mandated to transpose it into national law by July 6, 2024
The EU Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) officially entered into force on January 5, 2023. EU member states were required to transpose it into national law by July 6, 2024, targeting large enterprises and all listed companies. Reporting requirements regarding ESG impacts will be applied in phases starting from the 2024 fiscal year.
CSRD Requirements Apply to Non-EU Japanese Companies with EU Subsidiaries/Branches Starting FY2028
Non-EU companies, including Japanese firms, are subject to mandatory CSRD ESG reporting starting FY2028 if they meet specific criteria, such as maintaining applicable subsidiaries or branches within the EU. Although this timeline trails that of EU-headquartered firms, preparation time remains constrained. Disclosures must comply with ESRS (European Sustainability Reporting Standards).
Following the Omnibus Directive proposal in February 2025, the CSRD Simplification Directive was enacted in March 2026
In February 2025, the European Commission announced an Omnibus Directive proposal to ease CSRD requirements. Following deliberation, the CSRD Simplification Directive was enacted in March 2026. This has revised and reduced some of the initial CSRD scope and reporting requirements, necessitating that affected companies, including Japanese firms, review the updated standards.