目录
01 LEAP方法:自然相关问题的评估流程 02 价值链、转型计划与自然科学基础目标 03 与TCFD的一致性及采纳现状 04 实际执行步骤 05 参考事实卡片(Fact Cards) 自然相关财务披露工作组(TNFD)是一项国际倡议,为识别和披露与自然及生物多样性相关的风险与机遇提供了框架。该工作组于2023年9月发布了最终建议,确立了自然相关财务披露的框架。TNFD的建议与昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架(在COP15上通过)的国际政策目标保持一致,并采用了与气候变化方面的TCFD(气候相关财务披露工作组)以及国际可持续准则理事会(ISSB)的国际可持续发展披露准则相一致的方法。推荐的披露文件提供七种语言版本:英语、法语、日语、韩语、中文、葡萄牙语和西班牙语。
在2025年纽约气候周上,TNFD发布了其建议发布两周年之际的现状报告。采纳工作正在全球范围内推进,监管机构、证券交易所和主要投资者已开始将TNFD的一致性纳入采购和投资标准。由于采用了TCFD中使用的熟悉的四大支柱结构(治理、战略、风险管理、指标与目标),该框架旨在使企业能够轻松利用现有的可持续发展披露基础设施。
TNFD的四大披露支柱 01
治理 董事会对自然相关风险和机遇的监督,以及关于原住民和当地社区人权政策的披露。
02
战略 识别短期、中期和长期的自然相关风险和机遇,并通过情景分析评估战略韧性。
03
风险管理 披露识别、评估和管理自然相关风险的流程。与企业风险管理相结合。
04
指标与目标 设定并披露用于衡量自然相关依赖性、影响、风险和机遇的指标与目标。
LEAP方法:自然相关问题的评估流程 TNFD开发的LEAP方法是一个实用的框架,供各种规模的组织系统性地评估自然相关问题。它是在经过四年的研究和试点测试后开发的。LEAP包含以下四个步骤。
L — 定位(Locate):识别您的业务场所和供应链在何处与自然产生接触点。这涉及绘制与生物多样性热点地区、缺水地区和关键生态系统的地理重叠图。在实践中,建议使用IBAT、全球生物多样性信息设施(GBIF)和空间数据平台。
E — 评价(Evaluate):评估在已识别地点对自然的依赖性和影响。TNFD要求企业既要掌握其对自然资本(生物多样性、水、土地、空气和海洋)的依赖程度,也要掌握企业活动对自然施加的压力。
A — 评估(Assess):从财务上评估由依赖性和影响产生的自然相关风险和机遇。风险分为三类:物理风险(因生态系统服务丧失而导致运营成本增加)、转型风险(监管收紧和市场变化)以及声誉风险。
P — 准备(Prepare):根据评估结果制定战略、目标和管理流程,并使用四大支柱结构进行披露。
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价值链、转型计划与自然科学基础目标 TNFD要求在整个价值链中进行应用,其价值链指南要求对上游和下游供应链中的自然相关问题进行评估。对于制造业、食品业和农业部门而言,与原材料采购地生态系统的联系尤为重要。
转型规划指南建立在GFANZ(格拉斯哥净零金融联盟)和TPT(转型计划工作组)的最佳实践基础上,并建议将自然相关的转型风险纳入气候相关的转型计划。此外,还提供了关于自然科学基础目标(SBTs for Nature)的企业指南,如2030年自然净收益和具体的生物多样性指标,以支持与SBTi框架自然版本的一致性。
与TCFD的一致性及采纳现状 由于TNFD的四大支柱结构(治理、战略、风险管理、指标与目标)与TCFD相同,已经符合TCFD要求的公司可以重新利用其大部分数据收集、委员会结构和报告格式。然而,气候与自然的地理粒度有所不同。气候风险通常可以在国家或区域层面进行评估,而自然风险则需要在地点或流域层面进行地理解析,这是主要的实际区别。
CSRD(企业可持续发展报告指令)下的欧洲可持续发展报告标准(ESRS)包括关于生物多样性和生态系统的ESRS E4标准,实际上要求与TNFD保持一致。欧洲、北美和亚洲的金融机构已开始将TNFD披露纳入其贷款筛选和投资标准中,加速了披露要求从投资者向商业伙伴和供应商的传导。
实际执行步骤 开始进行TNFD一致性工作的步骤如下:首先,根据贵公司的行业、业务地点和供应链进行“重要性评估”。同时处理所有自然相关问题是不现实的,因此应优先考虑那些具有高依赖性、高影响力和高监管压力的自然资本类别。接下来,作为LEAP中的L,将主要场所的地理标记信息与生物多样性数据集进行交叉比对,绘制与自然的重叠地图。在此阶段,可以利用免费的公共数据(GBIF、WRI Aqueduct等)。随后,通过LEAP中的E和A对依赖性、影响和风险进行定性评估,并通过将自然相关问题纳入现有的TCFD委员会流程来建立披露结构。
TNFD目前是最全面的国际自然相关信息披露标准,且已与自然科学基础目标及《生物多样性公约》建立了联系。对于已经符合TCFD要求的组织,将LEAP方法作为切入点,并从L阶段的空间数据获取开始,是扩展披露范围以涵盖自然相关内容时最实用的第一步。
参考事实卡片(Fact Cards)
The TNFD disclosure framework consists of four pillars: Governance, Strategy, Risk and Impact Management, and Metrics and Targets.
The TNFD (Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures) recommended disclosure framework consists of recommended disclosures aligned with four pillars—Governance, Strategy, Risk and Impact Management, and Metrics and Targets—in addition to conceptual foundations and general requirements. This structure is aligned with the TCFD (Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures) and the ISSB's IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standards.
TNFD disclosure recommendations align with the international policy goals of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
The TNFD disclosure recommendations are designed to meet corporate reporting requirements across multiple jurisdictions and are structured to align with the global baseline for international sustainability reporting and the policy goals of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. The Kunming-Montreal Framework is an international agreement adopted at COP15 in 2022.
The TNFD recommended disclosure document is available in seven languages: English, French, Japanese, Korean, Chinese, Portuguese, and Spanish.
The final TNFD recommendation document is officially available for download in seven languages: English, French, Japanese, Korean, Chinese, Portuguese, and Spanish. This multilingual support is designed to enable global companies to prepare nature-related disclosures in accordance with their respective domestic regulatory environments.
TNFD governance disclosures require board-level oversight of nature-related risks and opportunities, and disclosure of human rights policies regarding indigenous peoples and local communities.
The TNFD governance pillar mandates the disclosure of oversight structures by the board and management regarding nature-related dependencies, impacts, risks, and opportunities. Furthermore, disclosure is required for human rights policies and engagement activities concerning Indigenous Peoples, local communities, and other affected stakeholders, including the status of oversight by the board and management.
TNFD strategy disclosure requires identifying nature-related risks and opportunities across short, medium, and long terms, and evaluating strategic resilience via scenario analysis.
The TNFD strategy pillar requires disclosure of how nature-related dependencies, impacts, risks, and opportunities affect business models, value chains, strategies, and financial plans over short, medium, and long-term horizons. Requirements also include evaluating/disclosing strategic resilience across scenarios, and the status of transition plans.
The TNFD disclosure framework adopts an approach consistent with TCFD and ISSB's IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standards.
TNFD's recommended disclosures are aligned with the TCFD approach and are designed to be consistent with the IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standards (IFRS S1 and S2) developed by the ISSB. This allows companies to implement climate-related (TCFD/IFRS S2) and nature-related (TNFD) disclosures within a single integrated reporting framework, ensuring alignment with the global sustainability reporting baseline.
TNFD Publishes Final Recommendations in September 2023, Establishing a Framework for Nature-related Financial Disclosures
The Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) published its final recommendations in September 2023. These recommendations provide a disclosure framework built on four pillars: Governance, Strategy, Risk, and Impact. It serves as a standard for companies and financial institutions to identify, assess, manage, and disclose nature-related risks.
TNFD Releases 2025 Status Report at Climate Week NYC, Marking 2nd Anniversary of Recommendations
During Climate Week NYC 2025, the TNFD published its "Status Report 2025." This is the first comprehensive status report commemorating the second anniversary of the publication of the TNFD recommendations (September 2023). It summarizes the adoption status of nature-related disclosures and market trends.
Recommendations for Natural Data Value Chain Formulated After 4 Years of Research and Pilot Testing
The 'Recommendations for Advancing the Natural Data Value Chain' published by the TNFD were developed as the culmination of 4 years of research and pilot testing, in close collaboration with diverse technical experts and market participants. It provides specific guidance for market participants on collecting and utilizing nature-related data.
TNFD establishes LEAP approach, enabling organizations of all sizes to assess nature-related issues
The TNFD has developed the "LEAP approach" as an integrated framework for identifying and assessing nature-related issues. Designed for use by organizations of all sizes, this approach provides a systematic procedure to evaluate dependencies, impacts, risks, and opportunities related to nature. It is intended to be integrated into corporate internal assessment processes.
TNFD's transition plan guidance is built on GFANZ and TPT best practices
The nature-related transition plan guidance published by the TNFD is based on the best practices for climate transition plans presented by the Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero (GFANZ) and the Transition Plan Taskforce (TPT). It supports the development of transition plans that integrate both nature and climate aspects.
TNFD Value Chain Guidance Requires Assessment of Nature-Related Issues Across Upstream and Downstream Supply Chains
The TNFD value chain guidance requires companies to identify and assess their dependencies, impacts, risks, and opportunities related to nature across both upstream and downstream value chains. It also includes criteria for determining when it is appropriate to acquire additional information from third parties.
TNFD Releases Guidance for Corporate Science-Based Targets for Nature (SBTs for Nature)
The TNFD has published guidance for companies on Science-Based Targets for Nature. This provides a methodology for establishing scientifically grounded quantitative targets for nature-related issues, positioning itself as the "nature-equivalent" disclosure standard following TCFD.